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Professor of International Law

PhD MPhil LLM

Interests

Sarah Nouwen is on leave from Cambridge to occupy a Chair in Public International Law at the European University Institute (Sept 2020 - Sept 2025). 

Trained in both international law and international relations, Sarah Nouwen works on the intersections of law and politics, war and peace and justice and the rule of law. Building on her experience in diplomacy and peace negotiations, her research focuses on how international law plays out in concrete situations. It combines doctrinal analysis and theory with empirical research and draws on law, politics, and anthropology. 

Her book Complementarity in the Line of Fire: The Catalysing Effect of the International Criminal Court in Uganda and Sudan (Cambridge University Press, 2013) explores whether, how and why the complementarity principle in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court has had a catalysing effect on the legal systems of Uganda and Sudan. She spent many months in both countries, interviewing officials, observing proceedings and searching documents to discover whether domestic legal reforms have taken place in response to the Court’s involvement. She also served as a Visiting Professional for an ICC judge.

Her article on the research behind her book, "`As you set out for Ithaka': Practical, Epistemological, Ethical and Existential Questions About Socio-legal Empirical Research in Conflict", won the Leiden Journal of International Law Prize for best article published in 2013-2015. The jury praised the work for being "truly interdisciplinary and empirically grounded". 

Her current research programme "Peacemaking: What's Law Got to Do with It", funded by a Philip Leverhulme Prize, an ESRC Future Research Leaders Grant and the Newton Trust, explores the role of international law in peace negotiations. 

 

Research centres and interest groups

CV / Biography

Sarah Nouwen is an Editor-in-Chief of the European Journal of International Law, contributor to EJIL: Talk! and co-host of EJIL: The Podcast!

She lectures and supervises Public International Law; International Criminal Law; International Human Rights Law and Transitional Justice at both undergraduate and graduate level.

She was a Visiting Professor at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies and at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, a Senior Fellow of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Boston, a visiting scholar at the Free University Amsterdam and a Research Associate of the Refugee Law Project, Makerere University, Kampala. She has given guest lectures at universities across the world.

In 2010-2011, she served as legal advisor to the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel for Sudan, assisting in the negotiations between the Government of Sudan and the Government of Southern Sudan on issues of state succession and working on peace negotiations for Darfur.  

She has advised on transitional justice, peace negotiations and the rule of law for the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs in New York, The Hague and Sudan and for the UK Department for International Development in Darfur. She worked with an NGO in Senegal on microfinance.

She has also served as an expert in international arbitration. 

She holds an LLM (cum laude, Utrecht, with a specialisation in Cape Town), an MPhil in International Relations (Cantab) and a PhD in International Law (Cantab).

 

Some media interviews are available here:

http://ilareporter.org.au/2017/03/sarah-nouwen/

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/russia-international-criminal-court_...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07cvlmb

http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/bashir-sweeps-sudan-election-15042...

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/24/israel-palestine-icc_n_6524798....

 

Some of the publications listed below are also available via Nouwen's SSRN Author Page.

Publications

 

Books

Making and Breaking Peace in Sudan and South Sudan: The Comprehensive Peace Agreement and Beyond (ed) (Oxford University Press, 2020)

Co-editor(s):
Sharath Srinivasan and Laura M. James
ISBN:
9780197266953
Published Dec 2020

The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law (ed) (OUP, 2020)

Co-editor(s):
Kevin Heller, Frédéric Mégret, Jens Ohlin, and Darryl Robinson
ISBN 13:
9780198825203
Published Feb 2020

What's Wrong with International Law? Liber Amicorum A.H.A. Soons (ed) (Brill, 2015)

Co-editor(s):
Cedric Ryngaert and Erik J. Molenaar
Publisher:
ISBN 13:
9789004259089
Published Apr 2015

Complementarity in the Line of Fire: The Catalysing Effect of the International Criminal Court in Uganda and Sudan (Cambridge University Press, 2013)

Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law, 2010, Volume 3 (with James Crawford) (eds) (Hart, 2012)

Co-Author/s:
James Crawford
Publisher:
ISBN:
978-1-84946-202
Published Jan 2012

Articles

"In Defense of International Law?" 36(2) Temple International and Comparative Law Journal (2022)

Co-Author/s:
Francisco Quintana
Citation:
36(2) Temple International and Comparative Law Journal (2022)
Published: Mar 2023

"Exporting Peace: The EU mediator’s normative backpack" 1(1) European Law Open 26-59

"The Politics of Global Lawmaking: A Conversation" 32(4) European Journal of International Law 1341–1352

Co-Author/s:
Martti Koskenniemi
Citation:
32(4) European Journal of International Law 1341–1352
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab107
Published: Feb 2022

"The Restatement (Fourth): An Interview with One of the Two Co-Ordinating Reporters" 32(4) European Journal of International Law (2021) 1371-1374

Co-Author/s:
P.B. Stephan, C.J. Tams and J.H.H. Weiler
Citation:
32(4) European Journal of International Law (2021) 1371-1374
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab100
Published: Jan 2022

"A Transatlantic Symposium on the Restatement (Fourth)" 32(4) European Journal of International Law (2021) 1365-1369

Co-Author/s:
C.J. Tams and J.H.H. Weiler
Citation:
32(4) European Journal of International Law (2021) 1365-1369
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab099
Published: Jan 2022

"International Law and Democracy Revisited: Introduction to the Symposium" [2021] the European Journal of International Law 32(1) 9-15

Co-Author/s:
Jan Klabbers, Doreen Lustig, André Nollkaemper, Michal Saliternik and Joseph H.H. Weiler
Citation:
[2021] the European Journal of International Law 32(1) 9-15
DOI:
doi:10.1093/ejil/chab034
Published: Apr 2021

"The necessary indeterminacy of self-determination: Politics, law and conflict in the Horn of Africa" Nations and Nationalism 27.1 (2021): 41-60

Co-Author/s:
Alex de Waal
Citation:
Nations and Nationalism 27.1 (2021): 41-60
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12645
Published: Dec 2020

"International Commissions of Inquiry: What Difference Do They Make? Taking an Empirical Approach" 30(3) European Journal of International Law 819-841

Co-Author/s:
Michael A. Becker
Citation:
30(3) European Journal of International Law 819-841
DOI:
10.1093/ejil/chz043
Published: Dec 2019

"Return to Sender: Let the International Court of Justice Justify or Qualify International-Criminal-Court Exceptionalism regarding Personal Immunities" 78(3) Cambridge Law Journal

"‘The Consciousness of Duty Done’? British Attitudes Towards Self-determination and the Case of the Sudan" 2019 BYIL

Co-Author/s:
Orfeas Chasapis Tassinis
Citation:
2019 BYIL
DOI:
10.1093/bybil/brz002
Published: Mar 2019

"Is There Something Missing in the Proposed Convention on Crimes against Humanity? A Political Question for States and a Doctrinal One for the International Law Commission" [2018] Journal of International Criminal Justice

Citation:
[2018] Journal of International Criminal Justice
DOI:
10.1093
Published: Sep 2018

"Broadening the Debate: Leaving Legacies Open-ended: An Invitation for an Inclusive Debate on International Criminal Justice" (2016) AJIL Unbound

Co-Author/s:
Eyal Benvenisti
Citation:
(2016) AJIL Unbound
Published: Nov 2016

"Speaking of Legacy: Toward an Ethos of Modesty at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda" (2016) 110(2) American Journal of International Law 212-232

Co-Author/s:
Sara Kendall
Citation:
(2016) 110(2) American Journal of International Law 212-232
DOI:
10.5305/amerjintelaw.110.2.0212
Published: Apr 2016

"Monopolizing Global Justice: International Criminal Law as Challenge to Human Diversity" (2015) 13(1) Journal of International Criminal Justice 157-176

Co-Author/s:
Wouter G. Werner
Citation:
(2015) 13(1) Journal of International Criminal Justice 157-176
Published: Jan 2015

"Pursuing Global Justice through International Criminal Law: Foreword" (2015) 13(1) Journal of International Criminal Justice 73-75

Co-Author/s:
Wouter G. Werner
Citation:
(2015) 13(1) Journal of International Criminal Justice 73-75
Published: Jan 2015

"'As You Set Out for Ithaka’: Practical, Epistemological, Ethical and Existential Questions About Socio-legal Empirical Research in Conflict" (2014) 27(1) Leiden Journal of International Law 227-260

Citation:
(2014) 27(1) Leiden Journal of International Law 227-260
Published: Jan 2014

"Representational Practices at the International Criminal Court: The Gap between Juridified and Abstract Victimhood" (2013) 76(3&4) Law and Contemporary Problems 235-262

Co-Author/s:
Sara Kendall
Citation:
(2013) 76(3&4) Law and Contemporary Problems 235-262
Published: Jan 2014

"The Importance of Frames: The Diverging Conflict Analyses of the United Nations and the African Union" (2013) 107 Proceedings of the One Hundred Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law 330-335

Citation:
(2013) 107 Proceedings of the One Hundred Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law 330-335
Published: Nov 2013

"Legal Equality on Trial: Sovereigns and Individuals before the International Criminal Court" [2013] 43 Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2012 151-181

Citation:
[2013] 43 Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2012 151-181
Published: Apr 2013

"Complementarity in Practice: Critical Lessons from the ICC for R2P" [2012] 21 Finnish Yearbook of International Law 2010 53-64

Citation:
[2012] 21 Finnish Yearbook of International Law 2010 53-64
Published: Jan 2012

"Doing Justice to the Political: The International Criminal Court in Uganda and Sudan: A Rejoinder to Bas Schotel" (2011) 22(4) European Journal of International Law 1161-1164

Co-Author/s:
Wouter Werner
Citation:
(2011) 22(4) European Journal of International Law 1161-1164
Published: Nov 2011

"Doing Justice to the Political: The International Criminal Court in Uganda and Sudan" (2010) 21(4) European Journal of International Law 941-965

Co-Author/s:
Wouter Werner
Citation:
(2010) 21(4) European Journal of International Law 941-965
Published: Dec 2010

"The Responsibility to Protect in Practice: Efforts to Promote Human Rights in Darfur" (2007) 24(65) Merkourios Utrecht Journal of International and European Law 58-70

Citation:
(2007) 24(65) Merkourios Utrecht Journal of International and European Law 58-70
Published: Oct 2010

"Combining Ownership and Neutrality in the Prosecution of International Crimes: Theory and Reality of Mixed Tribunals" (2007) 25(2) Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 255-287

Citation:
(2007) 25(2) Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 255-287
Published: Jun 2007

"Vier Jaar Internationaal Engagement met Darfur: Een Overzicht; Voedselpakketten en Diplomaten, Toga’s en Blauwhelmen" (2007) 61(2) Internationale Spectator 99-103

Co-Author/s:
Maarten Barends
Citation:
(2007) 61(2) Internationale Spectator 99-103
Published: Feb 2007

"‘Hybrid Courts’: The Hybrid Category of a New Type of International Crimes Courts" (2006) 2(2) Utrecht Law Review 190-214

Citation:
(2006) 2(2) Utrecht Law Review 190-214
Published: Dec 2006

"Sudan's Divided (and Divisive?) Peace Agreements" (2006) 19 Hague Yearbook of International Law 113-134

Citation:
(2006) 19 Hague Yearbook of International Law 113-134
Published: Oct 2006

"‘Gemengde’ Tribunalen en Hooggespannen Verwachtingen" "Internationale straftribunalen", (2006) 32(4) Justitiële Verkenningen 37-55

Co-Author/s:
André Nollkaemper
Citation:
"Internationale straftribunalen", (2006) 32(4) Justitiële Verkenningen 37-55
Published: Oct 2006

"The Special Court for Sierra Leone and the Immunity of Taylor: The Arrest Warrant Case Continued" (2005) 18(3) Leiden Journal of International Law 645-669

Citation:
(2005) 18(3) Leiden Journal of International Law 645-669
Published: Oct 2005

Book Chapters

"'Law & peace' : law, in what sense?" in Louise Mallinder, Rachel Killean and Lauren Dempster (ed(s)), Elgar Concise Encyclopedia on Law and Peace (Edward Elgar, 2024)

"Peacemaking" in E. Benvenisti and D. Kritsiotis (ed(s)), The Cambridge History of International Law, Vol 17 (1989-) ), forthcoming

"Tensions between the Pursuit of Criminal Accountability and Other Policy Agendas in Situations of Armed Conflict" in J. Welsh, D. Akande and D. Rodin (ed(s)), The Individualisation of War: Rights, Liability, and Accountability in Contemporary Armed Conflict (Oxford, 2023), pp. 187-219

Pages:
187-219
ISBN 13:
978-0-19-287220-3
Published Dec 2023

"Peace and Peacemaking in Sudan and South Sudan" (with Sharath Srinivasan) in Sarah M.H. Nouwen, Laura James and Sharath Srinivasan (ed(s)), Making and Breaking Peace in Sudan and South Sudan: The Comprehensive Peace Agreement and Beyond (Oxford University Press, 2020)

Published Dec 2020

"International Criminal Justice and Humanitarianism" (with Sara Kendall) in Kevin Jon Heller, Frédéric Mégret, Sarah M. H. Nouwen, Jens David Ohlin, and Darryl Robinson (ed(s)), The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2020)

"The Globalisation of Justice: Amplifying and Silencing Voices at the ICC’" (with Warner ten Kate), Mobilising International Law for ‘Global Justice’ (Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 46-62

"The International Criminal Court and Conflict Prevention in Africa" (with T. Karbo and K. Virk), Palgrave Handbook of Peacebuilding in Africa (Palgrave, 2017)

Publisher:
Co-Author/s:
Tony Karbo and Kudrat Virk
Published Dec 2017

"Tadić v. Prosecutor - International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, 1995" (with Michael A Becker), Landmark Cases in Public International Law (Hart, 2017)

Publisher:
ISBN 13:
9781849467889
Co-Author/s:
Cameron Miles, Eirik Bjorge
Published Dec 2017

"International Criminal Court", Oxford Bibliographies in International Law (Oxford University Press, 2017)

ISBN 13:
9780199796953
Co-Author/s:
Tony Carty
Published Jul 2017

"Commentary", The Art of Making Peace: Lessons Learned from Peace Treaties (Brill, 2017), pp. 85-90

Publisher:
Pages:
85-90
ISBN 13:
9789004321236
Co-Author/s:
Steven van Hoogstraten, Nico Schrijver, Otto Spijkers and Anneleen de Jong
Published Jan 2017

"International Criminal Law: Theory all over the Place" (with Anne Orford, Florian Hoffmann, Martin Clark), Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 738-761

Pages:
738-761
Co-Author/s:
Anne Orford, Florian Hoffmann and Martin Clark
Published Feb 2016

"The International Criminal Court: A Peacebuilder in Africa?" (with Devon Curtis and Gwinyayi A. Dzinesa), Peacebuilding, Power and Politics in Africa (Ohio University Press, 2012), pp. 171-192

Pages:
171-192
ISBN 13:
978-0-8214-2013-3
Co-Author/s:
Devon Curtis and Gwinyayi A. Dzinesa
Published Dec 2012

"The ICC's Intervention in Uganda: Which Rule of Law does it Promote?", Rule of Law Dynamics (Cambridge University Press, 2012), pp. 278-394

Pages:
278-394
ISBN 13:
9781107024717
Co-Author/s:
A Nollkaemper, R Peereboom and M Zürn
Published Jul 2012

"Jurisdictional Arrangements and International Criminal Procedure" (with Goran Sluiter), International Criminal Procedure (Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 116-128

Pages:
116-128
Co-Author/s:
G Sluiter, H Friman, S Linton, S Vasiliev, and S Zappalà
Published Jan 2012

"Justifying Justice" (with James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi), The Cambridge Companion to International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 327-351

Pages:
327-351
Co-Author/s:
James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi
Published Dec 2011

"The ICC and Complementarity Post Juba: Between International Imposition and Domestic Diversity" (with O.J. Francis and P. Wrange), The International Criminal Court and the Juba Peace Process or Global Governance and Local Friction (Fountain Press, 2011)

Publisher:
Co-Author/s:
O.J. Francis and P. Wrange
Published Oct 2011

"Complementarity in Uganda: Domestic Diversity or International Imposition?" (with C. Stahn and M.E. Zeidy), The International Criminal Court and Complementarity: From Theory to Practice (Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 1120-1154

Pages:
1120-1154
Co-Author/s:
C. Stahn and M.E. Zeidy
Published Oct 2011

"Finetuning Complementarity" (with Bartram Brown), Research Handbook on International Criminal Law (Edward Elgar, 2011), pp. 206-231

Pages:
206-231
Co-Author/s:
Bartram Brown
Published Jan 2011

"The Law and Politics of Self-Referrals" (with Alette Smeulers), Collective Violence and International Criminal Justice – an Interdisciplinary Approach (Intersentia, 2010), pp. 255-271

Publisher:
Pages:
255-271
ISBN 13:
978-9-40000-099-5
Co-Author/s:
Alette Smeulers
Published Sep 2010

Book Reviews

The Story of His Life: Philip Sands’s East West Street 87 British Yearbook of International Law 2017

DOI:
10.1093/bybil/brx014
Published Jan 2018

EJIL Editors' Choice of Books 2015: Sarah Nouwen's Choice (2015) 26(4) European Journal of International Law 1027-1032

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chv069
Published Nov 2015

After Genocide: Bringing the Devil to Justice, by Adam Smith [2013] British Yearbook of International Law 2012 553-556

International Criminal Justice in the Dock Making Sense of Darfur, Social Science Research Council

Arguing Genocide Making Sense of Darfur, Social Science Research Council

Rwanda (2008) 4(2) Cambridge Student Law Review 340-343

Rwanda 1994 in Normen Vatten (2008) 62 (7/8) Internationale Spectator 435-438

Published Jul 2008

Soedan, Internationaal Humanitair Recht en de Mensenrechten (2007) 61 (11) Internationale Spectator 573-574

Published Nov 2007

De lange weg van een Surinaams dorp naar gerechtigheid (2007) 61 (9) Internationale Spectator 455-457

Published Sep 2007

Blog Posts

Reports

Complementarity in International Criminal Law

Body / Institution:
International Law Association, Committee on Complementarity
Published: Jun 2022

International Justice and the Prevention of Atrocities: Darfur

Body / Institution:
European Council on Foreign Relations
Published: Nov 2013