Publications by Professor Mark Elliott
Full list of publications by Professor Mark Elliott.
- Mark Elliott, Robert Thomas, Public Law, Oxford University Press, 2024
- Mark Elliott, Robert Thomas, Public Law, 2020
- Mark Elliott, Kirsty Hughes, Common Law Constitutional Rights, Hart Publishing, 2020
- Mark Elliott, Jason Varuhas, Shona Wilson Stark, The Unity of Public Law? Doctrinal, Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives, Hart Publishing, 2018
- Mark Elliott, Jack Williams, Alison Young, The UK Constitution After Miller: Brexit and Beyond, Hart Publishing, 2018
- Mark Elliott, Robert Thomas, Public Law, Oxford University Press, 2017
- Mark Elliott, Jason Varuhas, Administrative Law: Text and Materials, Oxford University Press, 2017
- Mark Elliott, John Bell, Jason Varuhas, Philip Murray, Public Law Adjudication in Common Law Systems: Process and Substance, Hart Publishing, 2016
- Mark Elliott, Professor David Feldman, Professor David Feldman, David Feldman, The Cambridge Companion to Public Law, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Hanna Wilberg, Hanna Wilberg, The Scope and Intensity of Substantive Review: Traversing Taggart's Rainbow, Hart Publishing, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Robert Thomas, Robert Thomas, Public Law, Oxford University Press, 2014
- Mark Elliott, Robert Thomas, Robert Thomas, Public Law, Oxford University Press, 2011
- Mark Elliott, Beatson, Matthews and Elliott's Administrative Law: Text and Materials, Oxford University Press, 2011
- Mark Elliott, Christopher Forsyth, Swati Jhaveri, Anne Scully-Hill, Michael Ramsden, Christopher Forsyth, Swati Jhaveri, Anne Scully-Hill, Michael Ramsden, Effective Judicial Review: A Cornerstone of Good Governance, Oxford University Press, 2010
- Mark Elliott, Beatson, Matthews and Elliott's Administrative Law: Text and Materials, Oxford University Press, 2005
- Mark Elliott, The Constitutional Foundations of Judicial Review, Hart Publishing, 2001
- Mark Elliott, ‘Parliamentary sovereignty in contemporary perspective’, in The Changing Constitution (eds Jeffrey Jowell and Colm O'Cinneide), Oxford University Press, forthcoming
- Mark Elliott, ‘Constitutional Law’, in What About Law (eds Catherine Barnard, Janet O'Sullivan and Graham Virgo), Hart Publishing, 2021
- Mark Elliott, Kirsty Hughes, ‘The Nature and Role of Common Law Constitutional Rights’, in Common Law Constitutional Rights (eds Mark Elliott and Kirsty Hughes), Hart Publishing, 2020
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Fundamentality of Rights at Common Law’, in Common Law Constitutional Rights (eds Mark Elliott and Kirsty Hughes), Hart Publishing, 2020
- Mark Elliott, ‘The United Kingdom Constitution’, in The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law (eds Roger Masterman and Robert Schütze), 2019
- Mark Elliott, ‘Parliamentary sovereignty in a changing constitutional landscape’, in The Changing Constitution (eds Jeffrey Jowell and Colm O'Cinneide), Oxford University Press, 2019
- Mark Elliott, Jack Williams, Alison Young, Jack Williams, Alison Young, ‘The Miller Tale: An Introduction’, in The UK Constitution After Miller: Brexit and Beyond (eds Mark Elliott), Hart Publishing, 2018
- Mark Elliott, Jack Williams, Alison Young, ‘Sovereignty, Primacy and the Common Law Constitution: What Has EU Membership Taught Us?’, in The UK Constitution After Miller: Brexit and Beyond (eds Mark Elliott), Hart Publishing, 2018
- Mark Elliott, Chris Hunt, Lorne Neudorf, Micah Rankin, ‘Through the Looking-Glass? Ouster Clauses, Statutory Interpretation and the British Constitution’, in Legislating Statutory Interpretation: Perspectives from the Common Law World, Carswell, 2018
- Mark Elliott, Matthew Groves, Greg Weeks, ‘From Heresy to Orthodoxy: Substantive Legitimate Expectations in English Public Law’, in Matthew Groves and Greg Weeks (eds), Legitimate Expectations in the Common Law World, Hart Publishing, 2017
- Mark Elliott, Alessdandro Torre, Alessdandro Torre, ‘Devolution in the United Kingdom: Constitutional Law and Constitutional Convention’, in Il Regno è ancora Unito? La Scozia tra indipendenza e devolution [Is the Kingdom Still United? Scotland between Independence and Devolution], Maggioli, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Jeffrey Jowell, Dawn Oliver, Colm O'Cinneide, Jeffrey Jowell, Dawn Oliver, Colm O'Cinneide, 978-0-19-870982-4, ‘The principle of parliamentary sovereignty in legal, political and constitutional perspective’, in The Changing Constitution, Oxford University Press, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Hanna Wilberg, Hanna Wilberg, 9781849464680, ‘Introduction’, in The Scope and Intensity of Substantive Review: Traversing Taggart’s Rainbow, Hart Publishing, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Hanna Wilberg, Hanna Wilberg, 9781849464680, ‘Deference on Questions of Law: A Survey of Taggart’s Contribution and Themes in the Wider Literature’, in The Scope and Intensity of Substantive Review: Traversing Taggart's Rainbow, Hart Publishing, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Hanna Wilberg, Hanna Wilberg, 9781849464680, ‘Modern Extensions of Substantive Review: A Survey of Themes in Taggart’s Work and in the Wider Literature’, in The Scope and Intensity of Substantive Review: Traversing Taggart's Rainbow, Hart Publishing, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Hanna Wilberg, Hanna Wilberg, 9781849464680, ‘From bifurcation to calibration: twin-track deference and the culture of justification’, in The Scope and Intensity of Substantive Review: Traversing Taggart's Rainbow, Hart Publishing, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Guy Lodge, Glenn Gottfried, Guy Lodge, Glenn Gottfried, ‘Law, rights and constitutional politics’, in Democracy in Britain: Essays in honour of James Cornford, IPPR, 2014
- Mark Elliott, Bamforth, Leyland, Bamforth, Leyland, 978-0-19-967002-4, ‘Ombudsmen, tribunals, inquiries: re-fashioning accountability beyond the courts’, in Accountability in the Contemporary Constitution, Oxford University Press, 2013
- Mark Elliott, Barnard, O'Sullivan, Virgo, Barnard, O'Sullivan, Virgo, ‘Constitutional Law’, in What About Law?, Hart Publishing, 2011
- Mark Elliott, Christopher Forsyth, Swati Jhaveri, Anne Scully-Hill, Michael Ramsden, Christopher Forsyth, Swati Jhaveri, Anne Scully-Hill, Michael Ramsden, ‘Proportionality and deference: the importance of a structured approach’, in Effective Judicial Review: A Cornerstone of Good Governance, Oxford University Press, 2010
- Mark Elliott, Nicola Padfield, Nicola Padfield, ‘The Parole Board and the Changing Face of Public Law’, in Who to Release? Parole, Fairness and Criminal Justice, 2007
- Mark Elliott, CF Forsyth, CF Forsyth, ‘Fundamental Rights as Interpretative Constructs: The Constitutional Logic of the Human Rights Act 1998’, in Judicial Review and the Constitution, Hart Publishing, 2000
- Mark Elliott, CF Forsyth, CF Forsyth, ‘Judicial Creativity versus Legislative Intention? Administrative Law as a Co-operative Endeavour’, in Judicial Review and the Constitution, Hart Publishing, 2000
- Mark Elliott, ‘Law, Politics and the Constitution’, in Public Law and the UK Supreme Court (eds Lewis Graham and Jenny Russell), Routledge
- Mark Elliott, Phillip Murray, ‘In Defence of Classical Administrative Law’, [2026] CLJ 94–127, forthcoming
- Mark Elliott, Nicholas Kilford, ‘The relational principle of parliamentary sovereignty’, [2026] Public Law (forthcoming), forthcoming
- Mark Elliott, ‘Foreword: Playing politics with the rule of law’, (2025) 168 Solicitors Journal 000
- Mark Elliott, Nicholas Kilford, ‘Nothing to See Here? Allister in the Supreme Court’, (2024) 28 Edinburgh Law Review 95–102
- Mark Elliott, ‘Constitutional Adjudication and Constitutional Politics in the United Kingdom: The Miller II Case in Legal and Political Context’, (2020) 16 European Constitutional Law Review 625–646
- Mark Elliott, ‘The United Kingdom’s constitution and Brexit: A 'constitutional moment'?’, [2020] Horitsu Jiho 15–22
- Mark Elliott, Stephen Tierney, ‘Political Pragmatism and Constitutional Principle: The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018’, [2019] Public Law 37-60
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial Power and the United Kingdom's Changing Constitution’, (2017) 36 University of Queensland Law Journal 274–287
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Supreme Court’s Judgment in Miller: In Search of Constitutional Principle’, [2017] CLJ 257–288
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial Power in Normative, Institutional and Doctrinal Perspective: A Response to Professor Finnis’, 2015
- Mark Elliott, ‘A tangled constitutional web: The black-spider memos and the British constitution’s relational architecture’, [2015] Public Law 539-550
- Mark Elliott, ‘Beyond the European Convention: Human Rights and the Common Law’, (2015) 68 Current Legal Problems 000
- Mark Elliott, ‘Understanding the British Human-Rights Debate’, (2015) 35 Quaderni Costituzionali 000
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Supreme Court and the Constitution’, (2015) 5 United Kingdom Supreme Court Annual Review
- Mark Elliott, ‘Constitutional legislation, European Union Law and the nature of the United Kingdom’s contemporary constitution’, (2014) 10 European Constitutional Law Review 379-392
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial Review Reform - The Report of the Joint Committee on Human Rights’, [2014] UK Constitutional Law Association Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘Refections on the HS2 case: a hierarchy of domestic constitutional norms and the qualifed primacy of EU law’, [2014] UK Constitutional Law Association Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘Justification, calibration and substantive judicial review: putting doctrine in its place’, (working paper published in (2013) UK Constitutional Law Blog)
- Mark Elliott, Lawrence McNamara, Tom Hickman, Lawrence McNamara, Tom Hickman, ‘The response of the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law to the government's legal aid proposals’, [2013] Judicial Review 223-236
- Mark Elliott, ‘A Damp Squib in the Long Grass: The Report of the Commission on a Bill of Rights’, [2013] European Human Rights Law Review 137-151
- Mark Elliott, ‘A Human Rights Reality Check for the Home Secretary’, (2013) UK Human Rights Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial review - why the Ministry of Justice doesn't get it’, (2012) UK Constitutional Law Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘After Brighton: Between a Rock and a Hard Place’, [2012] Public Law 619-628
- Mark Elliott, Christopher Forsyth, Christopher Forsyth, ‘A right to administrative justice?’, (2012) UK Constitutional Law Blog
- Mark Elliott, Robert Thomas, Robert Thomas, ‘Tribunal Justice and Proportionate Dispute Resolution’, [2012] CLJ 297-324
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Brighton Declaration: where now for the Human Rights Act and the Bill of Rights debate?’, (2012) UK Constitutional Law Group Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial review's scope, foundations and purposes: joining the dots’, [2012] NZ L Rev 75-111
- Mark Elliott, ‘The draft Brighton Declaration, the Human Rights Act, and the Bill of Rights debate’, (2012) UK Constitutional Law Group Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘Law, politics and the draft Brighton Declaration’, (2012) UK Human Rights Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘Interpretative Bills of Rights and the Mystery of the Unwritten Constitution’, [2011] NZ L Rev 591-624
- Mark Elliott, Robert Thomas, Robert Thomas, ‘Cart and Eba - the new tribunals system and the courts’, (2011) UK Constitutional Law Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘A British Bill of Rights? Sounds great, until you remember that we are in Europe’, (2011) 13 Parliamentary Brief 29
- Mark Elliott, ‘The UK Bill of Rights Commission’, (2011) UK Constitutional Law Blog
- Mark Elliott, ‘Has the common law duty to give reasons come of age yet?’, [2011] PL 56
- Mark Elliott, ‘The 'war on terror', UK-style - The Detention and Deportation of Suspected Terrorists’, (2010) International Journal of Constitutional Law 131
- Mark Elliott, ‘Pretending you can make an aspiration into law’, (2010) 12(7) Parliamentary Brief 15
- Mark Elliott, Amanda Perreau-Saussine, Amanda Perreau-Saussine, ‘Pyrrhic Public Law: Bancoult and the Sources, Status and Content of Common Law Limitations on Prerogative Power’, [2009] PL 697
- Mark Elliott, Stephen Bailey, Stephen Bailey, ‘Taking Local Government Seriously: Democracy, Autonomy and the Constitution’, [2009] CLJ 436
- Mark Elliott, ‘The War on Terror and the United Kingdom's Unwritten Constitution’, (2007) European Journal of Legal Studies
- Mark Elliott, ‘Bicameralism, Sovereignty, and the Unwritten Constitution’, (2007) 5 International Journal of Constitutional Law 370
- Mark Elliott, ‘Legitimate Expectations and the Search for Principle: Reflections on Abdi and Nadarajah’, [2006] JR 281
- Mark Elliott, ‘Detention without trial and the 'war on terror'’, (2006) 4 International Journal of Constitutional Law 553
- Mark Elliott, ‘Asymmetric Devolution and Ombudsman Reform in England’, [2006] PL 84
- Mark Elliott, ‘Legitimate Expectation, Consistency and Abuse of Power’, [2005] JR 281
- Mark Elliott, ‘Parliamentary Sovereignty Under Pressure’, (2004) 2 International Journal of Constitutional Law 545
- Mark Elliott, ‘Unlawful Representations, Legitimate Expectations and Estoppel in Public Law’, [2003] JR 71
- Mark Elliott, ‘Embracing Constitutional Legislation: Towards Fundamental Law?’, (2003) 54 NILQ 25
- Mark Elliott, CF Forsyth, CF Forsyth, ‘The Legitimacy of Judicial Review’, [2003] PL 286
- Mark Elliott, ‘Developments Article: Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001’, (2003) 1 International Journal of Constitutional Law 334, 2002
- Mark Elliott, ‘Parliamentary Sovereignty and the New Constitutional Order: Legislative Freedom, Political Reality and Convention’, (2002) 22 LS 340
- Mark Elliott, ‘Wednesbury and Proportionality: Complementary Principles of Substantive Review’, [2002] JR 97, 2001
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Human Rights Act 1998 and the Standard of Substantive Review’, [2001] CLJ 301
- Mark Elliott, ‘Scrutiny of Executive Decisions under the Human Rights Act: Exactly how Anxious?’, [2001] JR 166
- Mark Elliott, Christopher Forsyth, Christopher Forsyth, ‘The Rule of Law in Hong Kong: Immigrant Children, the Court of Final Appeal and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress’, (2000) 8 Asia-Pacific Law Review 53
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Ultra Vires Doctrine in a Constitutional Setting: Still the Central Principle of Administrative Law’, [1999] CLJ 129
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Demise of Parliamentary Sovereignty? The Implications for Justifying Judicial Review’, (1999) 115 LQR 119, 1998
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial Scrutiny, Parliamentary Accountability and the Afghan Super-Injunction’, [2025] Cambridge Law Journal 492–496
- Mark Elliott, ‘Administrative Law Doctrine and Constitutional Principle in the Supreme Court’, [2025] Cambridge Law Journal 229
- Mark Elliott, Nicholas Kilford, ‘The Supreme Court's Defence of Unqualified Law-making Power: Parliamentary Sovereignty, Devolution and the Scotland Act 1998’, [2022] Cambridge Law Journal 4–8
- Mark Elliott, Alison Young, ‘Privacy International in the Supreme Court: Jurisdiction, the Rule of Law and Parliamentary Sovereignty’, [2019] Cambridge Law Journal 490–496
- Mark Elliott, ‘Legitimate Expectation: Reliance, Process, Substance’, [2019] CLJ 260-264
- Mark Elliott, ‘A 'Principle' of Consistency? The Doctrinal Configuration of the Law of Judicial Review’, [2018] CLJ 444-448
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Immigration Rules, the Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers’, [2012] CLJ 468-472
- Mark Elliott, ‘The appearance of bias, the fair-minded and informed observer, and the 'ordinary person in Queen Square Market'’, [2012] CLJ 247-250
- Mark Elliott, ‘Holyrood, Westminster and Devolved Legislation’, [2012] CLJ 9
- Mark Elliott, ‘Invalid control orders: Void or voidable?’, [2011] CLJ 22
- Mark Elliott, ‘Statutory Duties, Administrative Discretion and 'Civil Rights'’, [2010] CLJ 215
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Government versus the Ombudsman: What Role for Judicial Review?’, [2010] CLJ 1
- Mark Elliott, ‘Stop Press: Kafkaesque Procedures are Unfair’, [2009] CLJ 495
- Mark Elliott, ‘Torture, Deportation and Extra-Judicial Detention: Instruments of the 'War on Terror'’, [2009] CLJ 245
- Mark Elliott, ‘British Jobs for British Doctors: Legitimate Expectations and Inter-Departmental Decision-Making’, [2008] CLJ 453
- Mark Elliott, ‘'Public' and 'Private': Defining the Scope of the Human Rights Act’, [2007] CLJ 485
- Mark Elliott, ‘Legitimate Expectations: Procedure, Substance, Policy and Proportionality’, [2006] CLJ 254
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Sovereignty of Parliament, the Hunting Ban, and the Parliament Acts’, [2006] CLJ 1
- Mark Elliott, ‘Legitimate Expectations and Unlawful Representations’, [2004] CLJ 261
- Mark Elliott, ‘Asylum-Seekers have Human Rights, too’, [2003] CLJ 528
- Mark Elliott, ‘Human Rights Review: Raising the Standard’, [2001] CLJ 455
- Mark Elliott, ‘Privacy, Confidentiality and Horizontality: The Case of the Celebrity Wedding Photographs’, [2001] CLJ 231
- Mark Elliott, ‘Legitimate Expectation: The Substantive Dimension’, [2000] CLJ 421
- Mark Elliott, ‘Coughlan: Substantive Protection of Legitimate Expectations Revisited’, [2000] 5 JR 27
- Mark Elliott, ‘Human Rights in the House of Lords: What Standard of Review?’, [2000] CLJ 3
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Hong Kong Immigrant Children Cases’, [1999] JR 182
- Mark Elliott, ‘Lightfoot: Tracing the perimeter of constitutional rights’, [1998] JR 217
- Mark Elliott, ‘Boddington: Rediscovering the Constitutional Logic of Administrative Law’, [1998] JR 144
- Mark Elliott, ‘Reconciling Constitutional Rights and Constitutional Orthodoxy’, [1997] CLJ 474
- Mark Elliott, ‘Written evidence submitted to the House of Lords Constitution Committee and the House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee concerning the constitutional implications of Draft Clauses 1 and 2 of the proposed Scotland Bill’, 2015
- Mark Elliott, Tom Hickman, Stephen Grosz, Sir Jeffrey Jowell, Lawrence McNamara, Tom Hickman, Stephen Grosz, Sir Jeffrey Jowell, Lawrence McNamara, ‘Response to Government Consultation Paper: Judicial Review: Proposals for Further Reform’, 2013
- Mark Elliott, ‘Written evidence submitted to House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee's inquiry into the role of the judiciary under a codified constitution’, 2013
- Mark Elliott, Sir Jeffrey Jowell, Sir Jeffrey Jowell, ‘Response to Government Consultation on Judicial Review’, 2013
- Mark Elliott, John Bell, David Feldman, Christopher Forsyth, Jason Varuhas, John Bell, David Feldman, Christopher Forsyth, Jason Varuhas, ‘Response to Government Consultation Paper: Judicial Review: Proposals for Reform’, 2013
- Mark Elliott, John Allison, John Bell, David Feldman, Christopher Forsyth, Bob Hepple, David Howarth, Kirsty Hughes, Stephanie Palmer, Emma Waring, John Allison, John Bell, David Feldman, Christopher Forsyth, Bob Hepple, David Howarth, Kirsty Hughes, Stephanie Palmer, Emma Waring, ‘Response to first consultation by Commission on a Bill of Rights’, 2011
- Mark Elliott, ‘The British Constitution in an Age of Populism’, 2026
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Terminally Ill Adults Bill and the Constitutional Role of the House of Lords’, 2025
- Mark Elliott, ‘Substantive Judicial Review: Academic Debate and Recent Case Law’, 2025
- Mark Elliott, Philip Murray, ‘The Constitutional Imperative of Classical Administrative Law’, 2025
- Mark Elliott, ‘The European Union (Withdrawal) Bill and Delegated Powers’, 2017
- Mark Elliott, ‘Under the Microscope: The British Constitution and Brexit’, 2017
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial Power and the United Kingdom's Changing Constitution’, 2017
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Constitutional Implications of the 'Great Repeal Bill'’, 2017
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Supreme Court's Judgment in Miller: An Evaluation’, 2017
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Miller Case and the British Constitution’, 2017
- Mark Elliott, ‘Brexit: The Process of Leaving the EU’, 2016
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Limits of Judicial Authority’, 2016
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Nature of the Modern British Constitution and the Parameters of Constitutional Reform’, 2015
- Mark Elliott, ‘Constitutional Futures — Human Rights in UK Law’, 2015
- Mark Elliott, ‘A Post-European Constitution: Plus Ça Change?’, 2015
- Mark Elliott, ‘Teaching an Old Dog Old Tricks: The Common Law and the European Convention on Human Rights’, 2015
- Mark Elliott, ‘Should academic lawyers blog?’, 2014
- Mark Elliott, ‘Topicality in the Teaching of Public Law – A Blessing or a Curse?’, 2013
- Mark Elliott, ‘Devolution and the UK Constitution: Two Contrasting Readings’, 2012
- Mark Elliott, ‘Public law, the duty to act fairly and the IAC’, 2012
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Foundations, Purpose and Scope of Judicial Review’, 2011
- Mark Elliott, ‘A 'British Bill of Rights' and the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act: The Nature of Interpretative Bills of Rights’, 2011
- Mark Elliott, ‘The UK's Human Rights Act: Its First Ten Years, and Its Uncertain Future’, 2011
- Mark Elliott, ‘Prized Values, Twin-Track Deference and the 'Rainbow of Review'’, 2011
- Mark Elliott, ‘Parliamentary Sovereignty: The End of the Road?’, 2011
- Mark Elliott, ‘Beyond Courts: Tribunals, Inquiries and Ombudsmen’, 2010
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial review and the Upper Tribunal’, 2009
- Mark Elliott, ‘Bancoult: The sources, status and content of common law limitations on prerogative power’, 2009
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Bancoult case and the royal prerogative’, 2009
- Mark Elliott, ‘Proportionality: The importance of a structured approach’, 2008
- Mark Elliott, ‘Proportionality and the Standard of Review after Huang’, 2007
- Mark Elliott, ‘The Parole Board and the Changing Face of Public Law’, 2006
- Mark Elliott, ‘Reflections on Abdi and Nadarajah: The Place of Abuse of Power and Proportionality in Substantive Legitimate Expectation Cases’, 2006
- Mark Elliott, ‘Wednesbury and Proportionality: Complementary Principles of Substantive Review’, 2002
- Mark Elliott, ‘Judicial Creativity versus Legislative Intention? Administrative Law as a Co-operative Endeavour’, 1999